Introduction
Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, ruled the Islamic state from 634 to 644 CE. His period of governance is considered one of the most remarkable eras in Islamic history. Known for his strong sense of justice, accountability, and administrative wisdom, Hazrat Umar (RA) laid the foundations of a welfare state that continues to inspire leadership models even today. His governance system was based on the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah, ensuring fairness, transparency, and public welfare.
